EddyHawk's Info List --- STANDARD --- -VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) VBE (Video Bios Extension) by: VESA V1.2 V2.0 linear frame buffer access pm banking svga double-buffering virtual screens hi-color modes (32/64)kb/16.7m color 320x200 to 1600x1200 resolution for 16/256 color V3.0 --- Extended Memory Interface --- -XMS (eXtended Memory Specification) by: Lotus, Intel, Microsoft V3.0 [1991?] note: can alloc up to 64Mb RAM there are superset of XMS functions which allow alloc > 64Mb RAM -EMS (Expanded Memory Specification) V4.0 -VCPI (Virtual Control Programming Interface) V1.0 note: used together with EMS can alloc more than 64Mb RAM, with certain limitations -DPMI (DOS Protected Mode Interface) V0.9 V1.0 -(Clean/Raw/Int15h) Extended Memory note: can alloc up to 64Mb RAM --- MISC --- Naresh Kumar: Even if > 64Mb RAM is available, dos extender won't know it because of BIOS limitation (backward compatibility) Aleksandras Surna (author of YAC archiver): EMS driver allows to map memory to the first megabyte, while XMS driver can only copy the memory. When you need to access memory, it is much faster to map it, instead of copying, modifying, then copying back. ---