=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= - P.I.S.S. Philez Number 63 = = - - Basics of Switching = = - - by Kalony = =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴� � B A S I C S � � O F � � SWITCHING � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴� � B Y � � K � L O N Y � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴� If you were going to setup an interconnecting system of communication among several houses, how would you go about it? There are several possible ways this could be accomplished. One way is, a direct connection. See Figure 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Figure 1 Jimmy's 뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣 Larry's House カカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカ House ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ As you can see, this is a fairly simple method. Two wires going between the two houses. One for communication one way, the other for (you guessed it) communication the other way. Let's try throwing in a few more houses, just to see how "easy" this method really is. See Figure 2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Figure 2 James' 뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣 Jimmy's 뻣뻣뻣 House カカカカカカカカカカカカカカカ House カカ | | | \ \������������������ | | | | | | \カカカカカカカカカ \ | | | | | | \ \ | | | | | 뻣뻣뻣 Larry's 뻣뻣� Jenny's カカカ | | | カカカカ House カカ� House 뻣뻣뻣뻣 | | | | | | | カカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカカ | 뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hmmm... Either my ASCII skills suck, or that's a big jumbled mess of confusing wires (probably both). That's only 4 houses, yet there's a total of 24 connections (6 connections in/out of each house). Imagine 20 houses, you'd have 760 connections. I can only begin to imagine how many connections there would be if our whole phone system was setup that way. Luckily for us, it isn't. Ma Bell came up with the ingenious idea of a Central Office, one location that all the local houses would be connected to, then CO's would be connected to other CO's which are connected to more houses. See Figure 3. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Figure 3 _________ Jimmy's 뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣� | | 뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣� Jenny's House カカカカカカカ� | CENTRAL | カカカカカカカ� House | | Larry's 뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣� | OFFICE | 뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣뻣� James' House カカカカカカカ� |_________| カカカカカカカ� House ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The number of connections is dropped from 24 to 16. Or in the case of 20 houses, from 760 to 80. So, Larry picks up his phone book and scans through the 4 listings, wondering who he should prank call. He slides his finger down the page until he gets to James. "Ha, ha, ha," Larry thinks to himself. He writes the number down and throws the phone book aside. The number is 626-1558 in the 530 area code. He picks up his phone, and is about to dial 530, but then remembers that he is in the same area codes, so he dials 626, which brings him to his CO, then 1558, which causes the CO to narrow the call down to one pair (the two wires going into James' house). This, in turn, sends 90v, alternating current, down his (James') pair causing his phone to ring. James picks up the phone which disconnects the ringing voltage and alternating current but leaves in place a direct current to carry voice. Larry decides to be funny and ask for Amber, not thinking that anybody was there by that name. Little did he know, there was. Amber gets on the phone and Larry doesn't know what to do so he makes a quick joke about her obvious breast augmentation then hangs up. What if Larry wanted to harass someone in a different area code under a different CO? Well, Larry would order a phone book from another city far, far away, and bill it to some stranger. He waits impatiently for 2-6 weeks for it to get there. He anxiously opens it up and slaps his finger down on a random name. He realizes he is in the yellow pages and had landed on "Pro-line Cleaning Services." He flips back to the white pages and tries again. 269-5440 in the 541 area code. He picks up the phone, and begins by dialing a 1 since the number is in a different area code. This 1 tells the CO's computers to "wake the hell up and get ready for some long distance activity." The computers then listen carefully for the area code which sends the signal flying up to Oregon. Then he dials 269 which sends the signal to the correct CO and awaits the pair identification number. Larry finishes up with 5440. The same process of voltage, AC, and DC then occurs as a lady picks up the phone. Being a bit more creative this time, Larry says something about her prosthetic penis then he hangs up. As you can see, this is a very basic overview of how your phone calls are handled. If you're confused, want to request a more "in depth" text on the topic of switching, or just want to tell me how much of your time I just wasted, e-mail me. kalony@hempseed.com Die, K�lony ---------------------------------------------------------------------- PISS - People into Serious Shit Founders - Defenestrator, PhrostByte Members - Author Parselon Wu Forever kQs Rocketeer Grench Rhodekyll Dial Tone Psycho Phreak Djdude Circular Reclusion AT2Screech Phantom Operator Apocalypse Skrike Kalony FreeRadical Contributors- Sameer Ketkar The Axess Phreak Devnull PISS, the author, and anyone else does not take responsibility for what you do with the stuff contained in this file. If you get busted, don't cry to us. We don't care. We have never done any of this. Really. And we don't condone it. Uh-huh. Want more stuff? Go to http://piss.hypermart.net E-mail the group at piss@softhome.net � Copyright 1998 PISS Publications and also copyrighted by the author. 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